Advanced Well Logging

Instructors: Dr. Michael Myers & Dr. Lori Hathon

Discipline: Multi-discipline

Course Duration: 5 days (Sept. 16-20, 2024)

Teaching: In-person

Introduction: The primary function of a petrophysicist is to ensure that the right operational decisions are made during drilling, completions, and well-testing. Data gathered thereafter forms the necessary parameters required to build an accurate static and dynamic model for reservoir simulations. The Advanced well-logging course prepares the participant for improved understanding and knowledge of formation evaluation through well-logging.

Who Should Attend: Petropysicists, geoscientists, drilling engineers, reservoir engineers, production engineers/technologists, asset managers, log analysts, and technical professionals.

Course Description: This is a comprehensive and up-to-date course designed to equip participants with knowledge of mudlogging and MWD data, permeable zone and porosity logs, shaley sands, new logging tool applications, and unconventional (shale) reservoirs.

Course Content:

Day 1: Applications of Mudlogging and MWD Data

The primary functions of a petrophysicist are to ensure that the right operational decisions are made during drilling and testing a well—from data gathering, completion, and testing—and thereafter to provide the necessary parameters to enable an accurate static and dynamic model of the reservoir to be constructed.

1.1 – Petrophysics: Micro to Macro

1.2 – Normalized Drilling Rate and Over Pressure Detection

1.3 – ROP and Rock Strength

1.4 – Mechanical Specific Energy and Rock Strength

1.5 – Fluid Inclusion Stratigraphy

16 – XRF and Chemo-Stratigraphy

1.7 – Roq Scan

1.8 – FTIR and DRIFTS

1.9 – Applications in Unconventional Reservoirs

1.10 – Exercises/Workshop

Day 2: Applications of Permeable Zone and Porosity Logs

This segment begins with applications of the SP log to estimating Rw, and emphasizes applications of the acoustic log. Acoustic logs are applicable throughout the life cycle of oil and gas projects, from exploration to production, and abandonment. Understanding the applications of the acoustic log is vital for industry petrophysicists.

2.1 – Spontaneous Potential

2.2 – Deriving the Equations for SP Electrochemical Potentials

2.3 – Estimating Rw from the SP Response

2.4 – Using the Acoustic Log to Calibrate Seismic Data

2.5 – Estimating Geomechanical Properties using Acoustic Log Data

2.6 – Acoustic Anisotropy

2.7 – Estimating Fluid Overpressure

2.8 – Cement Bond Logging

2.9 – Exercises/Workshop

Day 3: Applications in Shaley Sands

Clay minerals are commonly present in clastic reservoirs. The presence of clay minerals influences the tool response of all of the major logging tools. For this reason, errors in the estimation of hydrocarbon saturation can occur. This section introduces the properties of clay minerals, discusses their distribution in sandstones, and how net: gross, net pay, and hydrocarbon saturation can be determined when clay minerals are present.

3.1 – Clay Minerals and Their Influence on Log Measurements

3.2 – Distribution of Clay Minerals in Sandstones

3.2 – Thin Bedded Sand Models: The Thomas-Stieber Model

3.3 – Dispersed Clay Models – Indonesian Model

3.4 – Dispersed Clay Models – Simandoux Model

3.5 – Dispersed Clay Models – Waxman-Smits Model

3.6 – Shaley Sand Analysis Using Log Data Only – Dual Water Model

3.7 – Exercises

Day 4: New Logging Tools/Applications

Standard “Triple Combo” logging acquires most of the basic petrophysical and lithological logs, however more recently developed tools provide for many advanced applications. Topics of discussion include: the use of the NMR for fluid typing, bound and free fluid indices, and permeability estimation, pulsed neutron and DTS applications for reservoir monitoring and surveillance, using UDAR to map resistivity boundaries and for geosteering, dielectric logging tools for shallow resistivity/low resistivity pay applications and textural evaluation in carbonates, inversion of ECS log data for mineralogy, and cased hole applications.

4.1 – NMR

4.1 – Pulsed Neutron Tools

4.2 – DTS – Distributed Temperature Sensing

4.3 – UDAR – Ultra Deep Azimuthal/Directional Resistivity

4.4 – Dielectric Logging Tools

4.5 – Elemental Capture Sonde (ECS) Logs – Geochemistry/Mineralogy

4.6 – Cased Hole Logging

4.8 – Exercises

Day 5: Applications in Unconventional (Shale) Reservoirs

Principal applications of logging tools in unconventional shale reservoirs include estimating TOC (total organic carbon) from standard triple combo logs, and estimating “brittleness” or “frackability”.

5.1 – TOC from Gamma Ray

5.2 – TOC from Density

5.3 – TOC from the Delta Log R Method

5.4 – Estimating Brittleness from Gamm Ray

5.5 – Estimating Brittleness from Acoustic Data: Relationship between Dynamic and Static Young’s Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio and mechanical properties

5.6 – Exercises